AUTHORS: A. C. Adewole, R. Tzoneva
Download as PDF
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes extended formulations for the optimal Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement problem in power systems with respect to voltage stability assessment for the cases of Zero Injection Buses (ZIBs), critical buses, and PMU redundancy. Modifications of the Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method to solve the proposed extended PMU placement problem are developed. The extension of the connectivity matrix and observability constraints are introduced on the basis of the analyses of the power system network, Modal Participation Factors (MPFs) from the Eigenvalues of the power flow Jacobian, and the introduction of redundancy for N-1 PMU outage for the observability of the critical buses. The performances of the modified method and algorithms were validated using the IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 57-bus test networks. Furthermore, a comparison is made with previous results in the literature obtained using the BIP method. The simulation results show that the proposed method and algorithms provide a better framework for the strategic placement of PMUs in practical networks for monitoring the power system status and its margin to voltage collapse. In addition, the modified method and algorithms were shown to give fewer PMUs for redundancy against N-1 PMU outage when compared to the existing literature.
KEYWORDS: - Critical bus, modal participation factor, optimal PMU placement, phasor measurement unit, synchrophasors, voltage stability assessment.
REFERENCES:
[1] G.R. Krumpholz, K.A. Clements, P.W. Davis, Power System Observability: a Practical Algorithm using Network Topology, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 99, 1980, pp. 1534-1542.
[2] A. Arefi, M.R. Hagfiham, S.H. Fathi, Observability analysis of electric networks considering branch impedance, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, 2011, pp. 954-960.
[3] A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications. Springer: New York, 2008.
[4] R. Sodhi, S.C. Srivastava, S.N. Singh, Phasorassisted Hybrid State Estimator, Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol. 38, 2010, pp. 533-544.
[5] R.F. Nuqui, A.G. Phadke, Phasor measurement unit placement techniques for complete and incomplete observability, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, 2005, pp. 2381- 2388.
[6] J. Peng, Y. Sun, H.F. Wang, Optimal PMU placement for full network observability using Tabu search algorithm, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 28, 2006, pp. 223-231.
[7] M. Hajian, A.M. Ranjbar, T. Amraee, B. Mozafari, Optimal placement of PMUs to maintain network observability using a modified BPSO algorithm, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33, 2011, pp. 28–34.
[8] J. Cepeda, J. Rueda, I. Erlich, G. Colomé, Probabilistic Approach-based PMU placement for Real-time Power System Vulnerability Assessment, IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-EU), Berlin, Germany, October 2012, pp. 1-8.
[9] L. Mili, T. Baldwin, R. Adapa, Phasor Measurement Placement for Voltage Stability Analysis of Power Systems, Proceeding of the 29th Conference on Decision and Control, Hawaii, 1990, pp. 3033-3038.
[10] B. Xu, A. Abur, Observability analysis and measurement placement for systems with PMUs, IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition,Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 943-946.
[11] B. Gou, Optimal placement of PMUs by integer linear programming, IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 23, 2008, pp. 1525- 1526.
[12] J. Sodhi, S.C. Srivastava, S.N. Singh, Optimal PMU placement method for complete topological and numerical observability of power system, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 80, 2010, pp. 1154–1159.
[13] B.K. Saha Roy, A.K. Sinha, A.K, Pradhan, An Optimal PMU placement technique for power system observability, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 42, 2012, pp. 71–77.
[14] D. Dua, S. Dambhare, R.K. Gajbhiye, S.A. Soman, Optimal multistage scheduling of PMU placement: An ILP approach, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 23, 2008, pp. 1812-1820.
[15] S. Chakrabarti, E. Kyriakides, Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units for Power System Observability, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 23, 2008, pp. 1433-1440.
[16] A.C. Adewole, R. Tzoneva, Modal Participation Factor-Constrained Optimal PMU Placement in Power System Networks, International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), Vol. 9, No. 4, 2014, pp. 811-820.
[17] University of Washington Power Systems Test CaseArchive;
[18] L.A. Wolsey, Integer Programming. Wiley: New York, 1998.
[19] MATLAB Optimization Toolbox User’s Guide 2013b. Mathworks Inc., 2013.
[20] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill Inc.: New York, 1994.
