AUTHORS: Seif-El-Islam Hasseni, Latifa Abdou
Download as PDF
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the robust stabilization and control of an inverted pendulum on cart is investigated; the robustness is guaranteed against the external inputs; disturbances and measurement noises, and parametric uncertainties. The contribution is based on creating this nonlinear system as a Linear Parameter Varying System (LPV) to allow the applying of robust LPV techniques possible. In addition, one of the more constraints is the selection of the weighting functions that represent the desired performance; in this work we used two approaches of optimization nature-inspired algorithms; Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Evolutionary Strategies (ES) to find the weighting functions’ parameters, with guarantee the robustness against external signals and uncertainties. Last more point, the represented underactuation constraint of the selected vehicle; we extend the robust stabilization by considering the both of degrees of freedom; the rotational and the translational. The controllers we get are robust against the external signals and uncertainties, and with the nonlinear range of angles as initial conditions.
KEYWORDS: -Inverted Pendulum on cart, Robust Control, Underactuated Systems, Nature-Inspired Algorithms, Linear Parameter Varying Systems, H∞.
REFERENCES:
[1] K. Zho, and J. C. Doyle, Essentials of Robust Control, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1998.
[2] T. Iwasaki, and G. Shibata, LPV system analysis via quadratic separator for uncertain implicit system, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 46, No. 10, 2001, pp. 1195-1208.
[3] C. W. Scherer, LPV control and full block multipliers, Automatica, Vol. 37, No. 3, 2001, pp. 361-375.
[4] F. Wu, A generalized LPV system analysis and control synthesis framework, International Journal of Control, Vol. 74, No. 9, 2001, pp. 745-759.
[5] J. Shamma, and M. Athans, Gain scheduling: potential hazards and possible remedies, In: American Control Conference, Boston, USA, 1991, pp. 516-521.
[6] H. S. Abbas, R. Tóth, M. Petreczky, N. Meskin, and J. Mohammadpour, Embedding of nonlinear systems in a Linear Parameter-Varying representation, In: IFAC World Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 2014, pp. 6907-6913.
[7] G. Balas, J. Bokor, and Z. Szabo, Invariant subspaces for LPV systems and their applications, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 48, No. 13, 2003, pp. 2065-2069.
[8] S. Salhi, N. Aouani, and S. Salhi, LPV affine modeling, analysis and simulation of DFIG based wind energy conversion system, In: International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, Sousse, Tunisia, 2015.
[9] Z. Liu, D. Theilliol, F. Gu, Y. He, L. Yang, and J. Han, State feedback controller design for affine parameter-dependent LPV systems, IFAC PapersOnLine, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2017, pp. 9760- 9765.
[10] F. Wu, X. Yang, A. Packard, and G. Becker, Induced L2 norm control for LPV systems with bounded parameter variation rates, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, Vol. 6, No. 9-10, 1996, pp. 983-998.
[11] A. Packard, Gain scheduling via linear fractional transformations, Systems and Control Letters, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1994, pp. 79- 92.
[12] S. Hasseni, and L. Abdou, Robust LPV control applied to a personal pendulum vehicle, In: International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Monastir, Tunisia, 2017, pp. 6-11.
[13] R. W. Beaven, M. T. Wright, and D. R. Seaward, Weighting function selection in the H∞ design process, Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1996, pp. 625-633.
[14] J. Hu, C. Bohn, and H. R. Wu, Systematic H∞ weighting function selection and its application to the real-time control of a vertical take-off aircraft, Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2000, pp. 241-252.
[15] E. Alfaro-Cid, E. W. McGookin, and D. J. Murray-Smith, Optimisation of the weighting function of an H∞ controller using genetic algorithms and structured genetic algorithms, International Journal of Systems Science, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2008, pp. 335-347.
[16] A. L. Do, O. Sename, L. Dugard, and B. Soualmi, Multi-objective optimization by genetic algorithms in H∞/LPV control of semiactive suspension, In: IFAC World Congress, Milano, Italy, 2011, pp. 7162-7167.
[17] V. T. Vu, O. Sename, L. Dugard, and P. Gaspar, Multi objective H∞ active-roll bar control for heavy vehicles, IFAC PapersOnLine, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2017, pp. 13802-13807.
[18] J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, MIT Press, MA, USA, 1992.
[19] I. Rechenberg, Evolutionstrategie: Optimieruna Technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der Biologischen Evolution, Frommann-Holzboog-Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1973.
[20] M. Fiacchini, A. Viguria, R. Cano, A. Prieto, F. R. Rubio, J. Aracil, and C. Canudas-de-Wit, Design and experimentation of a personal pendulum vehicle, In: Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, Lisbona, Portugal, 2006.
[21] K.C. Schwab, L. Schräder, P. Mercorelli, and J.T. Lassen, Control of the Inverse Pendulum Based on Sliding Mode and Model Predictive Control, WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control, Vol. 13, 2018, pp. 529-536.
[22] G. V. Raffo, M. G. Ortega, and F. R. Rubio, Nonlinear H∞ Control Applied to the Personal Pendulum Car, In: European Control Conference, Kos, Greece, 2007, pp. 2065- 2070.
[23] A. Wright, Genetic Algorithms for Real Parameter Optimization, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California, USA, 1991.
[24] L. Abdou, and F. Soltani, OS-CFAR and CMLD threshold optimization with genetic algorithms, In: International Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, Vol III Communication and Signal Processing, Sousse, Tunisia, 2005.
[25] B. K. Yeo, and Y. Lu, Array failure correction with a genetic algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, No. 7, 1999, pp. 823-828.
[26] N. Hansen, D. V. Arnold, and A. Auger, Evolution Strategies. In: Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2015, pp. 871-898.
[27] L. Abdou, and F. Soltani, OS-CFAR and CMLD threshold optimization in distributed systems using evolotionary strategies, Signal, Image and Video Processing, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2008, pp. 155-167.
[28] P. Apkarian, and P. Gahinet, A convex characterization of gain-scheduled H∞ controller, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 40, No. 7, 1995, pp. 853-864.
[29] A. Hjartarson, P. Seiler, and A. Packard, LPV Tools: a toolbox for modeling, analysis and synthesis of parameter varying control systems, IFAC PapersOnLine, Vol. 48, No. 26, 2015, pp.136-145.
[30] D. Seto, and J. Baillieul, Control problem in super-articulated mechanical systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 39, No. 14, 1994, pp. 2442-2453.
[31] A. Choukchou-Braham, B. Cherki, M. Djemaï, and K. Busawon, Classification of Underactuated Mechanical Systems, In: Analysis and Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems, Springer, London, UK, 2014, pp. 35-54.
[32] S. Rudra, R. K. Barai, and M. Maitra, Block Backstepping Control of the Underactuated Mechanical Systems, In: Block Backstepping Design of Nonlinear State Feedback Control Law for Underactuated Mechanical Systems, Springer-Verlag, Singapore, 2017, pp. 31-52.
[33] A. Choukchou-Braham, B. Cherki, M. Djemaï, K. Busawon, Control Design Schemes for Underactuated Mechanical Systems, In: Analysis and Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems, Springer, London, UK, 2014, pp. 55-91.