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Plenary Lecture

Some Automatic Control Methods of Brain Temperature with Its Local Estimation for Clinical Hypothermia

Professor Hidetoshi Wakamatsu
Dept. Biomedical System Technology
Graduate School of Health Sciences
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Japan
E-mail: wakamatsu.bse@tmd.ac.jp

Abstract: Automatic control systems of brain hypothermia treatment of patients in cerebrovascular disorders are discussed for water/air body surface cooling, direct cooling of blood and catheter in a blood vessel, and selective brain cooling including the estimation of temperature of specific brain part in order to prevent secondary brain damage and avoid various side effects. A patient in ICU is regarded as a unity controlled system with inputs such as temperature of water/air into blanket, blood and cathether in a blood vessel and infusing Ringer's solution into jugular vein in realization of an appropriate temperature of specific brain part. Thus, brain temperature is well controlled in a long period according to the schedule by physicians and the state of patients with little influence due to various medical treatments during the therapeutic course under continuously internal and external change of environment including the effect of characteristics of individual patients. The effective algorithm of optimal-adaptive and fuzzy control laws inclusive of our clinically developed cooling and warming machines are discussed for therapeutic course to keep temperature of specific brain part of a patient within its appropriate range. The same concept is applied to the other cases of brain temperature control, where the estimation of intracerebral temperature distribution is basically studied. Hereby, a mathematical continuum model is applied, which reflects metabolic heat production and Fourier's heat conduction in a brain with necessary parameters obtained from various clinical models, while an intracerebral temperature distribution is clinically difficult to observe. That enables us to perform an experiment of heat conduction in a similar condition of human for the study of future brain hypothermia.
The concerning present method is not only for the control of biologically special mechanisms, but also for practically automatic long time control of state and function by approach of medicare using medicine and/or by surgery as structural changes, because conventional methods are sometimes not effective due to biological characteristics depending on individualities.

Brief Biography of the Speaker: Born on 15.Nov.1946, received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Yokohama National University in 1970 and 1972, respectively. He received his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1984 from the University of Tokyo. He was a research Associate at the Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering from 1972-1986. Visiting Research Associate, Institute for Biocybernetics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany 1973-1974. Associate Professor at Ashikaga Institute of Technology 1986-1988, Associate professor 1988-1991, Professor 1991-1992 at Fukui University and Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Professor, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences in 1992-2012, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Medical and Dental University since 2012. In 1994 a visiting professor, Oregon State University and so on. From 2006 a general chair of Asia Pacific Conference on Control and Measurement. From 2010 Editor-in-chief, Journal of Automatic Control of Physiological State and Function (ACPSF).

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