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Plenary Lecture

The Air Pollution Variation when Used Palm Oil as Fuel in a Diesel Engine

Professor Charalampos Arapatsakos
Department of Production and Management Engineering
Democritus University of Thrace
GREECE
E-mail: xarapat@pme.duth.gr

Abstract: There are many types of air pollution, including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer. Besides natural sources there are many anthropogenic sources that contribute to the air pollution. It is common knowledge that internal combustion engines and all types of industries, contribute significantly to the emissions of air pollutants. Additionally, various agricultural activities require the extensive use of diesel or gasoline engines that produce vast quantities of CO and HC. It’s a fact that it has not been taken under consideration seriously the environmental consequences of the combustion engines use in agriculture. Therefore, there is a big need for alternative sources to be developed in order to cover energy demands without harming the environment. Renewable fuels can be considered as alternative to conventional fuels.
Natural sources related to dust from natural source, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation, the smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires, volcanic activity etc. The main causes by air pollution related deaths include aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases to human beings. There are several many types of air pollutant. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer. The atmospheric conditions such as the wind, rain, stability affect the transportation of the air pollutant. Furthermore, depending on the geographical location temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. For instance, the wind and rain may effectively dilute pollution to relatively safe concentrations despite a fairly high rate of emissions. In contrast when atmospheric conditions are stable relatively low emissions can cause buildup of pollution to hazardous levels. The quality of fuel affects diesel engine emissions (HC, CO, NOx and particulate emissions) very strongly. The fuel that is used in diesel engines is a mixture of hydrocarbons and its boiling temperature is approximately 170oC to 360oC. Diesel fuel emissions composition and characteristics depend on mixture formation and combustion. In order to compare the quality of fuels the following criteria are tested: ketene rating, density, viscosity, boiling characteristics, aromatics content and sylph content. For environmental compatibility, the fuel must have low density, low content of aromatic compounds, low sylph content and high ketene rating. This work examines the use of diesel-palm oil mixtures in diesel engine. For those mixtures the gas emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and smoke emissions are being examined.

Brief Biography of the Speaker: Dr Charalampos Arapatsakos is a Greek citizen, who has been born in Athens. He has studied Mechanical of Engineering. He is Professor on Democritus University of Thrace in Greece. Prof C. Arapatsakos has participated in many research programs about biofuels, gas emissions and antipollution technology. His research domains are mainly on biofuels and their use in internal combustion engines, the power variation from the use of biofuels, the gas emissions and mechanical damages.

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